Thanks to this information we can assume that the Roman transition of Galatia was very smooth and peaceful. -. Armenia is located in the highlands surrounding the Biblical mountains of Ararat. After the onset of the Muslim conquests and the Arab conquest of Armenia, only the western parts of Armenia remained in Byzantine hands, forming part of the theme of Armeniakon. In 591, the treaty between Khosrow II and Maurice ceded most of Persarmenia to the Eastern Roman Empire. Before this, the dominant religion in Armenia was Zoroastrianism (promoted by the Parthian/Sassanid Empire) and to a smaller degree local Paganism. Protesters continue to demand an investigation into the 2008 violence, the release of political prisoners, an improvement in socioeconomic conditions, and the institution of democratic reforms. Though Armenia retained its own dynastic rule, it was forced into client kingdom status. Soon after the Hayasa-Azzi were the Nairi tribal confederation (14001000 BC) and the Kingdom of Urartu (1000600 BC), who successively established their sovereignty over the Armenian Highland. How to say Armenia (Roman province) in English? Historical derivations in, List of provinces created during the Principate, Nuovo Atlante Storico De Agostini, 1997, pp.40-41. [19], Under Augustus, Roman provinces were classified as either public or imperial, depending on whether power was exercised by the Senate or the emperor. However, there are no records of any Armenian King of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia with the name Polymius. [citation needed]. Anazarbus (Ancient Greek: , medieval Ain Zarba; modern Anavarza; Arabic: ) was an ancient Cilician city. In the first half of the 11th century, under Basil II and his successors, most of Armenia came under direct Byzantine control, which lasted until the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, when all Armenia fell to the Seljuks. [1] In Italy itself, Rome had not been the imperial residence for some time and 286 Diocletian formally moved the seat of government to Mediolanum (modern Milan), while taking up residence himself in Nicomedia. Public provinces were, as they had been under the Republic, governed by a proconsul, who was chosen by lot among the ranks of senators who were ex-consuls or ex-praetors, depending on the province that was assigned. [citation needed]. Provinces of Armenia Aragatsotn Ashtarak The population of 2011 is 132,925. Cappadocia was a province of the Roman Empire in Anatolia (modern central-eastern Turkey ), with its capital at Caesarea. [142][143] On 25 April 2021, Pashinyan announced his formal resignation from his post of prime minister to allow snap parliamentary elections in June. The Emperor Basil I, who took the Byzantine throne in 867, was the first of what is sometimes called the Armenian dynasty (see Macedonian dynasty), reflecting the strong effect the Armenians had on the Byzantine Empire. Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Armenia Interior was joined with parts of Pontus Polemoniacus and Armenia I to form a new province, Armenia I Magna, the old Armenia I and Armenia II were re-divided into Armenia II and Armenia III, and the old Satrapies formed the new Armenia IV province. Algeria. Roman emperor Trajan created even a short-lived Province of Armenia between 114 and 117 AD. [146] On 3 March 2022, Vahagn Khachaturyan was elected as the fifth president of Armenia in the second round of parliamentary vote. This Legion is mentioned in the late-antique text known as Notitia Dignitatum. It was in 1 AD when Armenia came under full Roman governance until the creation of the Armenian Arsacid dynasty. [14][15][16][17][18], In the so-called Augustan Settlement of 27BC, which established the Roman Empire, the governance of the provinces was regulated. His son, Ishpuinis, extended the borders of the state by conquering what would later be known as the Tigranocerta area and by reaching Urmia. The Sassanid Persians occupied Armenia in 252 and held it until the Romans returned in 287. It was a major center in Armenia Minor (P'ok'r Hayk'), remaining so until the end of the 4th century. However, this war ended even more disastrously, as the Russians not only occupied as far as Tabriz, the ensuing treaty that followed, namely the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828, forced it to irrevocably cede its last remaining territories in the Caucasus, comprising all of modern-day Armenia, Nakhchivan and Idr Province. [6][7], Under Roman rule, Melitene was the base camp of Legio XII Fulminata. Today I hold a nationwide tour guide license which gives me the chance to lead tours not just to Ephesus but to attractions all around Turkey. Thus internally enfeebled, Armenia proved an easy victim for the Byzantines, who captured Ani in 1045. He was also unpopular with one party in particular, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation, which he banned and jailed on the grounds that the party had a foreign-based leadershipsomething which was forbidden according to the Armenian Constitution. To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey. The whole land can be called a plateau. Roman Armenia refers to the rule of parts of Greater Armenia by the Roman Empire, from the 1st century AD to the end of Late Antiquity.While Armenia Minor had become a client state and incorporated into the Roman Empire proper during the 1st century AD, Greater Armenia remained an independent kingdom under the Arsacid dynasty.Throughout this period, Armenia remained a bone of contention . Armen Petrosyan. As the Catholic families extended their influence over Cilicia, the Pope wanted the Armenians to follow Catholicism. During the latter period of the Roman Empire known as the Dominate, the provinces were each broken into smaller units. Even Zabel Yesayan, a writer who was fortunate enough to escape from ethnic cleansing during the Armenian genocide, was quickly exiled to Siberia after returning to Armenia from France. Establishment of the Roman Republic headed by two magistrates (later called consuls) elected annually. Albania. [93], The exact number of deaths is most often considered 1.5 million,[94] with other estimates ranging from 800,000 to 1,800,000. Ararat Artashat The population of 2011 is 260,367. The Shah had previously ordered the destruction of the only bridge, so people were forced into the waters, where a great many drowned, carried away by the currents, before reaching the opposite bank. Militarized expansionism kept increasing the number of these administrative provinces until there were no longer enough qualified individuals to fill the posts. Roman Aqueduct Found In Armenia - Greek City Times He accused Kocharyan's government of massive corruption, involving the theft of "at least three to four billion dollars" over the previous five years. Sicily (Sicilia) 436 CE (Vandals) 225 BCE. The Map of Roman Empire Legio Prima (I) Armeniaca - Armenian First Legion Symbol of Prima Armeniaca "Legio Armeniaca" translated from Latin as "Armenian Legion" and "prima" as "first". Galatia was visited by Apostle Paul several times also a letter featured in the Holy Bible was written to Galatians too. It seems that the Armenians were pleased with Baldwin's rule and with the crusaders in general, and some number of them fought alongside the crusaders. As a rule, the Romans continued to select a king from a member of the Armenian branch of the Arsacid family. Count Baldwin, who with the rest of the Crusaders was passing through Asia Minor bound for Jerusalem, left the Crusader army and was adopted by Thoros of Edessa, an Armenian ruler of Greek Orthodox faith. They often also had to suffer (alongside the settled Muslim population) raids by nomadic Kurdish tribes. Campaigns against remnants of Armenian resistance, and as a direct result of the civil wars between Antony and Octavian, would last another 30 years. Armies sent in pursuit of the Shah in 1605 were defeated, and by 1606 Abbas had regained all of the territory lost to the Turks earlier in his reign. minecraft cubed data pack; dacian roman emperors The harsh situation caused by the earthquake and subsequent events made many residents of Armenia leave and settle in North America, Western Europe and Australia. 6 May 2010. From 1828 until 1991, Eastern Armenia would enter a Russian dominated chapter. Several Armenian organizations from around the world quickly arrived to offer aid and to participate in the country's early years. Ter-Petrosyan's key ministers, led by then-Prime Minister Robert Kocharyan, refused to accept a peace plan for Karabakh put forward by international mediators in September 1997. In fact, its spread was so successful that under Tiridates III (238 - 314 AD), Armenia became the first state to adopt Christianity as the official religion (c. 306 - 314 AD). The first Catholicos of the Armenian church was Saint Gregory the Illuminator. With the annexation of the ancient kingdom of Armenia by emperor Trajan all of modern day Armenia will have become part of the empire. The discovery of gold in the 2nd century BCE had drawn Roman settlers into the region only to be quickly expelled by the native Taurisci. Roman Armenia refers to the rule of parts of Greater Armenia by the Roman Empire, from the 1st century AD to the end of Late Antiquity. 6 BCE New king of Parthia: Phraataces The earliest evidence for this culture is found on the Ararat plain; thence it spread to Georgia by 3000 BC (but never reaching Colchis), proceeding westward and to the south-east into an area below the Urmia basin and Lake Van. [1] That exception was unique but not contrary to Roman law, as Egypt was considered Augustus's personal property, following the tradition of the kings of the earlier Hellenistic period.[1]. 148 BCE Corcyra is made part of the Roman province of Macedonia. [citation needed][100]. A rebellion by the Parthian pretender Sanatruces was put down, though sporadic resistance continued and Vologases III of Parthia managed to secure an area of south-eastern Armenia just before Trajan's death in August 117. I have been living in Turkey for more than ten years. [106], The Treaty of Svres was signed by the Ottoman Government, but Sultan Mehmed VI never signed it and thus never came into effect. [13][14][15], Stone tools from 325,000 years ago have been found in Armenia which indicate the presence of early humans at this time. Two great dynastic families, the Rubenids and the Hethumids, ruled what became in 1199, with the coronation of Levon I, the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and through skillful diplomacy and military alliances (explained below) maintained their political autonomy until 1375. [53], He acquired the title of Illuminator, because he illuminated the spirits of Armenians by introducing Christianity to them. In 163, a Roman counter-attack under Statius Priscus defeated the Parthians in Armenia and reinstalled Sohaemus as the Romans' favored candidate on the Armenian throne. The Church center moved as well to different locations together with the political authority, ending in Byzantine Cilicia in the 13th century[15], Ancient episcopal sees of the Roman province of Armenia III listed in the Annuario Pontificio as titular sees:[16]. Armenia decided to join the Soviet sphere, while Soviet Russia agreed to protect its remaining territory from the advancing Turkish army. Hasan Glday - Full Time Tour Guide \ Turkey Specialist. in the Armenian province of Arzanene or Aghdznik), east of Diyarbakr modern day Turkey. The pretext for the war with the Parthian Empire was the conflicting claims of the Romans and the Parthians to direct the affairs of Armenia. All Rights Reserved. The new province reached the shores of the Caspian Sea and bordered to the north with Caucasian Iberia and Caucasian Albania, two vassal states of Rome. A single legion was deployed there in 125 AD. On 24 April 1915, Ottoman authorities rounded up, arrested, and deported 235 to 270 Armenian intellectuals and community leaders from Constantinople to the region of Ankara, where the majority were murdered. "[43], From Pompeius' campaign Armenia was, for the next few centuries, contested between Rome and Parthia/Sassanid Persia on the other hand. His successor, Hadrian, reinstalled the Arsacid Dynasty when he nominated Parthamaspates as "vassal" king of Armenia in 118 AD. United and Romanized, through conquest, or absorbed through its culture, Rome still stands today as a legacy to the achievement of mankind, and its failures. In Lesser Armenia, Armenian culture was intertwined with both the European culture of the Crusaders and with the Hellenic culture of Cilicia. [42], The Third Mithridatic War and defeat of the King of Pontus by Roman Pompeius resulted in the Kingdom of Armenia becoming an allied client state of Rome. Even though Western Armenia had already once been conquered by the Ottomans following the Peace of Amasya, Greater Armenia was eventually decisively divided between the vying rivals, the Ottomans and the Safavids, in the first half of the 17th century following the OttomanSafavid War (16231639) and the resulting Treaty of Zuhab under which Eastern Armenia remained under Persian rule, and Western Armenia remained under Ottoman rule. The territory came under Roman rule in 133 BCE, when the last ruler of the Kingdom of Pergamon, Attalus III, bequeathed it to the Roman Republic in his will. This was a declaration of war and regarded as an invasion of Iranian territory. To escape death or servitude at the hands of those who had assassinated his relative, Gagik II, King of Ani, an Armenian named Roupen with some of his countrymen went into the gorges of the Taurus Mountains and then into Tarsus of Cilicia. Parthamaspates was soon defeated by the Parthians, and again fled to the Romans, who granted him the co-rule of Osroene in western Greater Armenia as a consolation. The war eventually ended in 1813 with a Russian victory after their successful storming of Lankaran in early 1813. [17][18][19], The Shulaveri-Shomu culture of the central Transcaucasus region is one of the earliest known prehistoric cultures in the area, carbon-dated to roughly 60004000 BC. Roman provinces in Asia Minor IMPERIUM ROMANUM Following Russia's conquest of all of Qajar Iran's Caucasian territories, many Armenian families were encouraged to settle in the newly conquered Russian territories. This was preceded by a wave of massacres in the years 1894 to 1896, and another one in 1909 in Adana. Emperor Heraclius (610641) was of Armenian descent, as was Emperor Philippikos Bardanes (711713). The Urumu apparently settled in the vicinity of Sason, lending their name to the regions of Arme and the nearby land of Urme. 510 BCE - Downfall of the last Tarquinian king, Tarquinius Superbus. [2] [5], Unlike Armenia Minor west of the Euphrates, which had been constituted into full provinces (Armenia I and Armenia II) under the Diocese of Pontus already in the time of Diocletian, the new territories retained a varying level of autonomy. [citation needed] Cilicia acquired an Armenian identity, as the kings of Cilicia were called kings of the Armenians, not of the Cilicians. Not only was this indicative of Christianity great success in the east, but actually predates the possible 'conversion' of Constantine the Great. The Hadrianeum and the personifications of provinces dacian roman emperors Here the Byzantine governor gave them shelter in the late 11th century. Many Armenians began to demand statehood. Roman emperor Justinian I rebuilt the city in 527 after a strong earthquake hit it. Each of the aforementioned nations and tribes participated in the ethnogenesis of the Armenian people. The new borders gave Armenia access to the Black Sea and awarded large portions of the eastern provinces of the Ottoman Empire to the republic. In May 1919, Dro led an expeditionary unit that was successful in establishing Armenian administrative control in Nakhichevan. Over the next several centuries, Armenia was faced with constant political struggles from those same Persians and Byzantines and under additional threats from Arabs, Huns and Khazars. Indeed Roman supremacy was fully established by the campaigns of Gnaeus Domitius Corbulo., that ended with a formal compromise: a Parthian prince of the Arsacid line would henceforth sit on the Armenian throne, but his nomination had to be approved by . The 11th Red Army began its virtually unopposed advance into Armenia on 29 November 1920 at Ijevan. The formal annexation of a territory created a province, in the modern sense of an administrative unit that is geographically defined. In December 1918, the Georgians were confronting a rebellion chiefly in the village of Uzunlar in the Lori region. [citation needed]. Argishtis I of Urartu conquered Latakia from the Hittites,[citation needed] and reached Byblos,[citation needed] and Phoenicia. Latium et . During the ByzantineSasanian wars, Armenia was ultimately partitioned into Byzantine Armenia and Sasanian Armenia. A cease fire was concluded on 18 November. A new 1,800 word article added about the Roman scutum shield. [119] No progress arose from further meetings in Minsk and Moscow in November 2006. For example, at the height of the OttomanPersian Wars, Yerevan changed hands fourteen times between 1513 and 1737. He continued to act as interim prime minister in the leadup to the election. Menuas (810785 BC) extended the Urartian territory up north, by spreading towards the Araratian fields. [citation needed] He built the Erebuni Fortress, located in modern-day Yerevan, in 782 BC by using 6600 prisoners of war. For ancient episcopal sees in the Roman provinces of Armenia I and Armenia II, see Lesser Armenia#Episcopal sees. Likewise, Azerbaijan had an Armenian minority, concentrated in Baku and Kirovabad. All rights reserved. However, the country was briefly occupied by the Roman emperor Trajan between 114 and 117 CE. The land was mountainous and dry, the population of about 100,000 was roughly 80 percent Muslim (Persian, Azeri, Kurdish) and 20 percent Christian (Armenian). The Armenians rejected this proposal. [113] In early 1998, Kocharyan rejected the 1997 OSCE Minsk Group peace plan and initiated a new phase of Nagorno-Karabakh negotiations, where Heydar Aliyev and Kocharyan negotiated secret from their publics and senior officials. [52] Because of his beliefs, he was persecuted by the pagan king of Armenia, and was "punished" by being thrown in Khor Virap, in modern-day Armenia. Competing national interests and war with Turkey led to the dissolution of the republic half a year later, in April 1918. [citation needed]. Roman Province of Armenia and Turkey tour, Tour guide in Turkey for Roman Province of Armenia, Lycia et Pamphylia Province of Roman Empire, Turkey, Kusadasi, Ephesus, Istanbul, Cappadocia, Antalya, Gallipoli, Pamukkale. Armenia's history is rich with many cultures, including its own very deep traditions. [2] In the Bronze Age, several states flourished in the area of Greater Armenia, including the Hittite Empire (at the height of its power), Mitanni (southwestern historical Armenia), and Hayasa-Azzi (16001200 BC). The surface area is 2,090 square kilometers. No doubt the Armenians aided in some of the other crusades. Complete Roman Empire Timeline: Battles, Emperors, & Events Fenlon, John Francis. provinciae) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire. The capital is Yerevan . However, despite Rome's political problems, the campaigns of Lucius Cornelius Sulla pushed Mithridates back into Pontus which obviously rippled down to Armenia. The plan, accepted by Ter-Petrosyan and Azerbaijan, called for a "phased" or "step-by-step" settlement of the conflict which would postpone an agreement on Nagorno-Karabakh's status, the main stumbling block. The Medes under Cyaxares invaded Assyria later on in 612 BC, and then took over the Urartian capital of Van towards 585 BC, effectively ending the sovereignty of Urartu. Later on, in 1 AD, Armenia came under full Roman control until the establishment of the Armenian Arsacid dynasty. [111] Independence was confirmed by referendum on 21 September 1991. In 114, Emperor Trajan incorporated Armenia into the Empire, making it a full Roman province. Books Armenia Roman Province (5,351 ). On 1011 February 2006, Kocharyan and Aliyev met in Rambouillet, France to discuss the fundamental principles of a settlement to the conflict, including the withdrawal of troops, formation of international peace keeping troops, and the status of Nagorno-Karabakh. In the conquered territories Abbas established the Erivan Khanate, a Muslim principality under the dominion of the Safavid Empire. Provincia Armenia ; Province of the Roman Empire: 114-118: Capital: Artashat: History: Historical era: Classical antiquity Established . 2. Director Levon Mkrtchyan 2002, Minasyan, Sergey: "Armenias Attitude Towards its Past: History and Politics" in the, Ter-Gabrielyan, Gevorg: "The Archeology of Future Literature: Digging out Prose from Independent Armenias History" in the, This page was last edited on 1 November 2022, at 23:47. Bagratid Armenia was eventually recognized as a sovereign kingdom by the two major powers in the region: Baghdad in 885, and Constantinople in 886. Sohaemus was named king of Armenia by Roman emperor Antoninus Pius in 140. The earliest form of the word "Hayastan", an endonym for Armenia, might possibly be Hayasa-Azzi, a kingdom in the Armenian Highlands that was recorded in Hittite records dating from 1500 to 1200 BC. [1] Each of these four defended and administered a quarter of the empire. [5] Erebuni has been described as "designed as a great administrative and religious centre, a fully royal capital. teacher and healer who proclaimed the imminent kingdom of God and was crucified c. AD 30-33 in Jerusalem in the Roman province of Judea. Roman Province of Armenia occupied some parts of todays Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran and Turkey. [10], Starting in the early 16th century, Greater Armenia came under Safavid Persian rule; however, over the centuries Western Armenia fell under Ottoman rule, while Eastern Armenia remained under Persian rule. Armenian SSR participated in World War II by sending hundreds of thousands of soldiers to the front line in order to defend the USSR. Under the Orontids, Armenia during this era was a satrapy of the Persian Empire, and after its disintegration (in 330 BC), it became an independent kingdom. The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century / Edited by Richard G. Hovannisian. In the late 1980s, Armenia was suffering from pollution. 71.3. The order to withdraw was given; but to deny the enemy the potential to resupply themselves from the land, he ordered the wholesale destruction of the Armenian towns and farms on the plain. Southern Syria was partitioned by three tribal dynasties: the Ituraeans, the Jews, and the Nabateans. Though Armenia was effectively independent for some time, setting up a local dynasty under the Artashesids in 189 BC, conflict with the eastward moving Romans was inevitable. Thus both Saints are considered the patron saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church. The national liberation movement of the Balkan peoples and the immediate involvement of the European powers in the Eastern question had a powerful effect on the development of the national liberation ideology movement among the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire. In 1988, the Spitak earthquake killed tens of thousands of people and destroyed multiple towns in northern Armenia, such as Leninakan (modern-day Gyumri) and Spitak. In 645, the Muslim Arab armies of the Caliphate had attacked and conquered the country. On 24 April 1965, tens of thousands of Armenians flooded the streets of Yerevan to remind the world of the horrors that their parents and grandparents endured during the Armenian genocide of 1915. Roman Province of Galatia - Licensed Tour Guide in Turkey While Armenia Minor had become a client state and incorporated into the Roman Empire proper during the 1st century AD, Greater Armenia remained an independent kingdom under the Arsacid dynasty.
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