Overall, the manuscript requires editing on the grammar at many places to improve the clarity and data presentation. We thank the reviewer for the comment absence of molecular study. The second highest prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter species was isolated from carcass/meat swab in this study. They identify four mechanisms that have led to its new role in resistance, and most importantly, show that it was the use of antibiotics in medicine and in livestock feed that drove this evolution and spread of resistance. However, limited studies reported the occurrence and susceptibility testing of Campylobacter strains to antimicrobials on humans, food animals and foods of animal origin [1618]. We thank the reviewer for the comments and words mentioned in line 93 and 96 were replaced accordingly. 1, 3 the fact that UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations. But action has been episodic and uneven, resulting in global inequities in AMR. Personnel hand and knife swabs were collected after slaughtering each selected cattle. National leaders now have an obligation to move AMR to a higher position in their political agendas. Comments & Opinion 4. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance - ScienceDirect For information about this choice, including consent withdrawal, please see our Privacy Policy. At this time, please address the following queries: a) Please clarify the sources of funding (financial or material support) for your study. A total of 38 thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from live bovine, carcass swab and separated environmental swabs (personnel hand and knife swabs) were tested for eleven antimicrobial agents. AMR has too often been viewed as an abstract risk to health, a potential cause of illness and death at some point in the future. Since the 1940s, these drugs have greatly reduced illness and death from infectious diseases. A lot of research has described the problem of AMR, but not enough has been done to study the solutions or how to change the political conversation. b. Since the 1940s, these drugs have greatly reduced illness and death from infectious diseases. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance - ScienceDirect To make it very clear to the international readers, we elaborated the background of our study setting. Although the emergence of resistant microorganisms is a natural phenomenon, selection is . Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance | Research.com Antimicrobial resistance in developing countries Article Full-text available Oct 1998 C.A. Antibiotic drugs have revolutionized medicine and made our modern way of life possible. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance - Journal - Elsevier However, these drugs have been used so widely and for so long that the infectious organisms the antibiotics are designed to kill are adapting to them, making the drugs less effective. Nigatu S, Mequanent A, Tesfaye R, Garedew L. Prevalence and Drug Sensitivity Pattern of, Long-term climate data description in Ethiopia, ISO. Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. This fact demands that actions to address AMR be scaled up urgently. A common mechanism used by bacteria to minimize the effects of antibiotics is to acquire or increase the expression of drug efflux pumps. Individuals working in animal facilities and animal food factories may also acquire the infection via occupational exposure [35]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health and development threat. Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa : A - IntechOpen If you don't remember your password, you can reset it by entering your email address and clicking the Reset Password button. Read more information on sharing protocols at https://plos.org/protocols?utm_medium=editorial-email&utm_source=authorletters&utm_campaign=protocols. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global threat to the health of populations, endangering the ability to prevent and cure a wide range of infectious diseases [1-3].Despite being a global issue, there is a disparate distribution of AMR among countries, with more impact on the developing countries [4-6].This higher burden on developing countries could attribute to . 07 October 2022 For instructions see: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols. Sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia have the highest burden of AMR according to the new study, likely driven by high infection rates and a lack of access to antibiotics, compounded by serious data gaps. isolated from meats, animal, and human feces in Northern of Morocco. The British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy is an inter-professional organisation with over 40 years of experience and achievement in antibiotic education, research and leadership. Antimicrobial Resistance Spotlight Antibiotics and similar drugs, together called antimicrobial agents, have been used for the last 70 years to treat people who have infectious diseases. Based on the findings; it is sensible to recommend regular coordinated actions like judicial antibiotic usage and hazard analysis of critical control points from the farm, through the abattoir to the retailer and awareness creation on good hygienic practice and processing of raw meat to minimize or eliminate the risk of infectious agents in general and Campylobacter contamination in particular. I'm pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been deemed suitable for publication in PLOS ONE. Microbes can evolve antimicrobial resistance when, for example, populations are subjected to selective pressure through drug use in medicine. Resistance is not just a property of an individual bacteria, resistance can also be a property of the microbial community. You can review and change the way we collect information below. Scanning electron micrograph of a human neutrophil ingesting MRSA (purple). Collection Contents 20 results [ALL] A B C D E F To update your cookie settings, please visit the, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00091-5, Antimicrobial resistance: time to repurpose the Global Fund, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02724-0, https://amr-review.org/sites/default/files/160518_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/g7-finance-ministers-statement-on-actions-to-support-antibiotic-development, https://www.theglobalfund.org/en/news/2021-11-11-united-states-to-host-next-global-fund-replenishment-conference/, View Large ID 23 Issue 3.1. Isolated and identified species of C.jejuni, C. coli and C. lari accounted for 63.2%, 23.7% and 13.2%, respectively. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, virulence gene profile and Available online 26 May 2022, 105680. | Vaccines are available for only one of the six leading pathogens described in the study. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. considers some of the critical issues for researchers working in this . A decade of antimicrobial resistance research in social science fields Rolain The International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents provides comprehensive and up-to-date peer reviewed reference information on the physical, pharmacological, in vitro and clinical properties of individual antimicrobial agents ( antiviral agents, antiparasitic agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, etc. Increased prevalence of Campylobacter species from fecal sample is because the bacteria colonize mainly small intestine of cattle. For each thermophilic Campylobacter isolate, the zone of inhibition around each of the 11 antibiotic disks was measured to the closest millimeter. The Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System was launched by WHO in 2015. I didnt find any standard strains of campylobacter( be it jejuni, coli, lari) were used for this study? [1, 8, 9]. Here, we comment on our collaborative efforts at establishing single-cell capacities in sub-Saharan Africa and the challenges encountered in Malis endemic setting. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process. All the three isolated species of Campylobacter were resistant to Cephalothin, and most were multidrug resistant. Activity of newest generation -lactam/-lactamase inhibitor combination therapies against multidrug resistant, Tackling malaria transmission at a single cell level in an endemic setting in sub-Saharan Africa, Chloramphenicol resistance is too hot to handle. However, Campylobacter species in this study were highly resistant for chloramphenicol and Tetracycline. Open Access, Research Highlights Further, the study carried out at only one abattoir and therefore the limited number of isolates (n=38) obtained in this study are not sufficiently addressed to draw any logistic conclusion. Please submit your revised manuscript by Sep 22 2022 11:59PM. Evolution and spread of resistance. Within one week, youll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. FOIA It remained as global health concern as the group Campylobacter has zoonotic potential, large range of reservoir hosts, and environmental persistence [1, 2].Campylobacter is the fourth (next to rotavirus, typhoid fever and cryptosporidiosis) leading cause of diarrheal diseases of human with estimated 7.5 million global disability adjusted life years. Please include a caption for figure 1. Eight (8) disks were placed on a 150-mm plate (petri dishes) not closer than 24 mm (center to center) and the rest three on small 60-mm petri dishes on the Muller Hinton agar plate and incubated at 42C for 48 hours in anaerobic jar using microaerophilic condition generating sachet (CampyGen 2.5L Oxoid Ltd.). All relevant data are available in the paper and Supporting information files. Thermophilic Campylobacter species are commonly isolated from poultry and livestock species such as cattle, swine, and sheep, but poultry is recognized as the primary source of infection for people [6, 7]. Make sure you are submitting to the most suitable journal - Aims and scope Researchers/scientific community will be benefitted to prepare review articles, taking this findings as a baseline research and to consider the aggravation of antimicrobial resistance pattern both in human and animal populations. We thank the reviewer for the comment on the English language improvement and our revised manuscript is edited by senior professors. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions? Costs of up to $29,000 per patient treated with an antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection have been reported. AMR is increasingly becoming a global threat, both economically as well as in terms of health. 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