In the case where the responding peer is using dynamic crypto profiles, Cisco CRS Router. Specifies an IPv4-compatible tunnel using an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address. Keepalive packets can be configured to be sent over IP-encapsulated GRE tunnels. Use the tunnel path-mtu-discovery command to enable PMTUD for the tunnel packets, and use the show interfaces tunnel command to verify the tunnel PMTUD parameters. Note This is a routing parameter only; it does not affect the physical interface. Step 4. In simple terms, IP Security (IPSec) provides secure tunnels between two peers, such as two routers. Note PMTUD on a tunnel interface requires that the tunnel endpoint be able to receive ICMP messages generated by routers in the path of the tunnel. Prerequisites Requirements There are no specific requirements for this document. The configurations of Router A and Router B follow Figure10. <>stream The following example shows a simple configuration of GRE tunneling. Interfaces In some cases the retransmission can be completed by RBSCP without inserting the delay. RFC 791 specifies that bits 6 and 7 of the ToS byte (the first two least significant bits) are reserved for future use and should be set to 0. By using overlay tunnels, you can communicate with isolated IPv6 networks without upgrading the IPv4 infrastructure between them. Figure12 illustrates the creation of a CTunnel between Router A and Router B, as accomplished in the configuration examples that follow. For detailed information on configuring the unprotected public routes. Cisco now recommends that you use a different IPv6 tunneling technique named ISATAP tunnels. Definition of Tunneling Types by OSI Layer, GRE Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership, GRE/CLNS Tunnel Support for IPv4 and IPv6 Packets, Rate-Based Satellite Control Protocol Tunnels, Configuring GRE Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRFMembership, Restrictions for GRE Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRFMembership, Configuring GRE/CLNS CTunnels to Carry IPv4 and IPv6 Packets, Tunnels for IPv4 and IPv6 Packets over CLNS Networks, Verifying Tunnel Configuration and Operation, Verifying RBSCP Tunnel Configuration and Operation, Verifying That the RBSCP Tunnel Is Active, Configuration Examples for Implementing Tunnels, Configuring GRE Tunnel IP Source and Destination VRF Membership: Example, Routing Two AppleTalk Networks Across an IP-Only Backbone: Example, Routing a Private IP Network and a Novell Network Across a Public Service Provider: Example, Configuring GRE/CLNS CTunnels to Carry IPv4 and IPv6 Packets: Examples, Configuring IPv4-Compatible IPv6 Tunnels: Example, Configuring Routing for the RBSCP Tunnel: Example, Configuring QoS Options on Tunnel Interfaces: Examples, Feature Information for Implementing Tunnels, First Published: May 02, 2005 Last Updated: June 29, 2007. Not all commands may be available in your Cisco IOS software release. the entries in the local crypto access list must be permitted by the peer's crypto access list. IPSec Tunnel mode is the default configuration option for both GRE and non-GRE IPSec VPNs. Tunnel interfaces also support class-based policing, but they do not support committed access rate (CAR). Use Cisco Feature Navigator to find information about platform support and CiscoIOS software image support. This module describes the various types of tunneling techniques available using Cisco IOS software. Figure2 illustrates IP tunneling terminology and concepts. QoS provides a way to ensure that mission-critical traffic has an acceptable level of performance. In the tasks that follow in this module, only the relevant keywords for the tunnel mode command are displayed. All devices on a physical medium must have the same protocol MTU in order to operate. They can be written as 0:0:0:0:0:0:A.B.C.D or ::A.B.C.D, where "A.B.C.D" represents the embedded IPv4 address. The most noticeable difference is the explicit specification of the tunnel destination. Lost packets are retransmitted over the satellite link by RBSCP, preventing the end host TCP senders from going into slow start mode. hZ+pU- ,d"2@J|LwL`-ra7dz:vaf0I\FaB^~"*jQ`?G?Cs/7Z$Q9y]sHki(?Xm4#?v,pI.$ABfQ|Va0O=XPy.\Kj%@_rl Y?xeuzeXq,')/4{N]pYA5#U9D When GRE/IPv6 tunnels are configured, IPv6 addresses are assigned to the tunnel source and the tunnel destination. To build a tunnel, a tunnel interface must be defined on each of two routers and the tunnel interfaces must reference each other. (Optional) Enables an ID key for a tunnel interface. and, in the event of a Then, make sure to specify which interfaces on the router are "internal" and which are "external". Verifying RBSCP Tunnel Configuration and Operation. To configure a tunnel to carry IPv4 and IPv6 data packets over a CLNS network, proceed to the "Configuring GRE/CLNS CTunnels to Carry IPv4 and IPv6 Packets" section. % An IP over CLNS tunnel (CTunnel) is a virtual interface that enhances interactions with CLNS networks, allowing IP packets to be tunneled through the Connectionless Network Protocol (CLNP) to preserve TCP/IP services. Cisco GRE and IPSec - GRE over IPSec - Selecting and Configuring GRE In this example, an extended access list allows TCP, Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) protocol, and Authentication Header (AH) traffic to travel through the tunnel. Table6 Determining the tunnel mode Command Keyword. Configurable MTU is not supported on Single-pass GRE interface, but supported on 2-pass GRE interface. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. j@J?1p~220 )>VShu-?rVn;t>!7Q4>#O=c:V G D,LLv ]KD`1J-G$~L,;zaWL%Ec2Ph{)we`_Ko@fNfpp Reporting dropped packets to SCTP provides better bandwidth use because RBSCP tells the SCTP implementation at the end hosts to retransmit the dropped packets and this prevents the end hosts from assuming that the network is congested. Specifies the tunnel bandwidth to be used to transmit packets. The sample debug output is from RouterA (initiator) for a successful VPN negotiation. Your Cisco IOS software release may not support all of the features documented in this module. To implement tunnel interfaces, you must understand the following concepts: Tunneling provides a way to encapsulate arbitrary For more details about configuring SSL, see the latest Cisco ACNS Software Deployment and Configuration Guide. 2. configure {terminal | memory | network}, 6. tunnel source (ip-address | type number), 7. tunnel destination ip-address {hostname | ip-address}. Note The remote endpoint address may not be reachable using the ping command because of filtering, but the tunnel traffic may still reach its destination. The following command was introduced by this feature: ctunnel mode. The Cisco 10000 series router does not support the fragmentation of multicast packets passing through a multicast tunnel. Specifies the destination IPv4 address for the tunnel interface. Use the gre multipoint keywords to specify that multipoint GRE (mGRE) encapsulation will be used. destination, New and Changed Interface and Hardware Component Features, Advanced Configuration and Modification of the Management Ethernet If you want to implement routing protocols, see the "Implementing RIP for IPv6," "Implementing IS-IS for IPv6," "Implementing OSPF for IPv6," or "Implementing Multiprotocol BGP for IPv6" modules. This module describes the various types of tunneling techniques available using Cisco IOS software. For example: Crypto profile sets must be configured and applied to tunnel interfaces (or to the crypto IPSec transport). The same note on filtering also applies to this example. RFC2784 also covers the use of GRE with IPv4 as the transport protocol and the passenger protocol. For more details about configuring BSTUN, see the "Configuring Serial Tunnel and Block Serial Tunnel" chapter in Part 2 of the Cisco IOS Bridging and IBM Networking Configuration Guide, Release12.4. Tunnels do not have a one-to-one modular For example, in the topology shown in Figure1, packets from Host 1 will appear to travel across networks w, t, and z to get to Host 2 instead of taking the path w, x, y, and z because the tunnel hop count appears shorter. Remember to configure the router at each end of the tunnel. will flow. secure transport. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. Specifies the IPv4 or IPv6 network assigned to the interface and enables IPv4 or IPv6 packet processing on the interface. Even the weather affects satellite links, causing a decrease in available bandwidth and an increase in RTT and packet loss. Specifies the destination NSAP address of the CTunnel, where the packets are extracted. This problem can be solved by tunneling AppleTalk through a foreign protocol, such as IP. SCTP Drop ReportingSCTP uses an appropriate byte counting method instead of ACK counting to determine the size of the transmission window, so ACK splitting does not work with SCTP. 12.0(23)S12.3(2)T12.2(33)SRB12.2(31)SB512.4(15)T. Allows you to configure the source and destination of a tunnel to belong to any VPN VRF table. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. The destination network service access point (NSAP) address for Router A would be the NSAP address of Router B, and the destination NSAP address for Router B would be the NSAP address of Router A. Use the ipv6 keyword to specify that generic packet tunneling in IPv6 will be used. Each VRF table comprises an IP routing table, a derived Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF) table, and guidelines and routing protocol parameters that control the information that is included in the routing table. GRE keepalive packets may be sent from both sides of a tunnel or from just one side. Long RTT keeps TCP in a slow start mode, which increases the time before the satellite link bandwidth is fully used. Enhanced multipoint GRE (mGRE) tunneling technology provides a Layer 3 (L3) transport mechanism for use in IP networks. Identifies the IPSec interface to which the The following sections provide references related to implementing tunnels. The host or router at each end of a configured tunnel must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks. This feature allows you to configure the source and destination of a tunnel to belong to any Virtual Private Network (VPN) routing and forwarding (VRF) table. The default tunneling mode is GRE. with one of the other peer's crypto profile entries. The implementation of this feature allows you to configure a tunnel source and destination to belong to anyVRF. ipv6 route ipv6-prefix/prefix-length tunnel tunnel-number, Router(config)# ipv6 route 2002::/16 tunnel 0. GRE tunnel keepalive is not supported in cases where virtual route forwarding (VRF) is applied to a GRE tunnel. The tunnel interface can have either IPv4 or IPv6 addresses assigned (this is not shown in the task below). services card association. This section provides information you can use in order to troubleshoot your configuration. In the following example, Router 1 and Router 2 are configured to send traffic through an RBSCP tunnel over a satellite link. Figure11 is an example of routing a private IP network and a Novell network across a public service provider. The HA redirects packets by tunneling them to the MN while it is away from home. Multiple point-to-point tunnels can saturate the physical link with routing information if the bandwidth is not configured correctly on the tunnel interface. tunnel configuration - Cisco Community session without exiting or committing the configuration changes. to save the configuration changes to the running configuration file and remain Proceed to the "Verifying Tunnel Configuration and Operation" section. On the client side, customers can use Cisco VPN 3000 Client or any other third-party IPSec client software Whenever the unnumbered interface generates a packet (for example, for a routing update), it uses the address of the specified interface as the source address of the IP packet. Tunnel interfaces are virtual interfaces that Check that ICMP messages can be received before using PMTUD over firewall connections. Note that this tunnel will not carry any outbound traffic; however, any number of remote tunnel endpoints can use a tunnel configured this way as their destination. While the ISATAP tunneling mechanism is similar to other automatic tunneling mechanisms, such as IPv6 6to4 tunneling, ISATAP is designed for transporting IPv6 packets within a site, not between sites. PMTUD currently works only on GRE and IP-in-IP tunnel interfaces. detailed information about user groups and task IDs, see the Router(config-if)# tunnel mode ipv6ip 6to4. To check that the remote endpoint address is reachable, use the ping command on Router A. This is the most common type of GRE tunnel. Any packet that is received and requests such services will be dropped. Substitute the sample IP addresses, hostnames, and other parameters for the appropriate values on the second router. STUN encapsulates SDLC frames in either the TCP/IP or the HDLC protocol. Hub-and-spoke topology In a hub and spoke network configuration, the main office has configuration for a tunnel to each remote office, and each remote office has a single tunnel connecting The tunnel destination is determined by the IPv4 address of the border router extracted from the IPv6 address that starts with the prefix 2002::/16, where the format is 2002:border-router-IPv4-address::/48. Intermediate routers between the tunnel endpoints can use the IP precedence values to classify the packets for QoS features such as policy routing, weighted fair queueing (WFQ), and weighted random early detection (WRED). IP-in-IP is a Layer 3 tunneling protocoldefined in RFC 2003that alters the normal routing of an IP packet by encapsulating it within another IP header. QoS options for tunnels include support for applying generic traffic shaping (GTS) directly on the tunnel interface and support for class-based shaping using the modular QoS command-line interface (MQC). statements. Router(config-if)# ip vrf forwarding green, Router(config-if)# ip address 10.7.7.7 255.255.255.255. end or debug crypto isakmp - Displays the ISAKMP negotiations of Phase 1. debug crypto ipsec - Displays the IPsec negotiations of Phase 2. Use the interface-type and interface-number arguments to specify the interface to use. RP. The use of overlay tunnels should be considered as a transition technique toward a network that supports both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks or just the IPv6 protocol stack. The border router at each end of a 6to4 tunnel must support both the IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks. transport. To understand how tunnels work, it is important to distinguish between the concepts of encapsulation and tunneling. Tunneling encapsulates an AppleTalk packet inside the foreign protocol packet (AppleTalk inside GRE inside IP), which is then sent across the backbone to a destination router. Option A: NAT configuration. To check that a route exists to the remote endpoint address, use the show ip route command. Examples of passenger protocols are AppleTalk, CLNS, IP, and IPX. Use the kbps argument to set the bandwidth, in kilobits per second (kbps). Configuration details and examples are provided for the tunnel types that use physical or virtual interfaces. Although available satellite link bandwidths are increasing, the long RTT and high error rates experienced by IP protocols over satellite links are producing a high bandwidth-delay product (BDP). %PDF-1.6 endobj applying a profile to an IPSec tunnel. DLSw+ is a means of transporting SNA and NetBIOS traffic over a campus or WAN. Refer to the Cisco Technical Tips Conventions for more information on document conventions. An MN is a node, for example, a PDA, a laptop computer, or a data-ready cellular phone, that can change its point of attachment from one network or subnet to another. on behalf of traffic to be protected by crypto. When PMTUD is enabled on a tunnel interface, PMTUD will operate for GRE IP tunnel packets to minimize fragmentation in the path between the tunnel endpoints. uses the rack/slot/module/port notation for identifying physical For example, AWS provides sample configuration files for different platforms (see this URL). The following command was introduced to support this feature: tunnel vrf. This module assumes that you are running Cisco IOS Release 12.2 or higher. Previously, only process switching was available for multipoint GRE tunnels. The GRE Tunnel Keepalive feature provides the capability of configuring keepalive packets to be sent over IP-encapsulated generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnels. The Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP) is an automatic overlay tunneling mechanism that uses the underlying IPv4 network as a nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) link layer for IPv6. yes saves configuration changes to the running be used to support Virtual Private Network (VPN), firewalls, and other applications that must transfer data across a public Here, I access the CLI of the Cisco ASA Firewall and initiate some traffic towards the Cisco Router LAN Subnet, i.e. ip nat inside source route-map nonat interface (outside interface name) overload Configure the remote router the same way. For ex ample, Tunnel 0 in . Perform this task to configure an IP over CLNS tunnel (CTunnel). Configuring a CTunnel allows you to telnet to a remote router that has only CLNS connectivity. The IPSec protocol suite also includes cryptographic techniques to support the Router, interface part of the profile that is applied to the Tunnel-IPSec. Can carry IPv6, CLNS, and many other types of packets. The following example configures a GRE tunnel running both IS-IS and IPv6 traffic between RouterA and RouterB. We will configure all the configurations on the remote router R2. To avoid recursive routing problems, keep the control-plane routing separate from the tunnel routing using the following methods: Use a different autonomous system number or tag. Cisco IOS IPv6 currently supports the following types of overlay tunneling mechanisms: Intra-Site Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol (ISATAP). for each virtual interface type so you may simultaneously have a Loopback 0 and Specifies the source IPv4 address or the source interface type and number for the tunnel interface. How to configure GRE Tunnel between Cisco Routers - GNS3 Network Rate-Based Satellite Control Protocol (RBSCP) was designed for wireless or long-distance delay links with high error rates, such as satellite links. negotiation on behalf of traffic to be protected by crypto. If an interface is specified, the interface must be configured with an IPv4 address. Cisco IOS software supports GRE as the carrier protocol with many combinations of passenger and transport protocols. The Tunnel ToS feature is supported on Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF), fast switching, and process switching forwarding modes. IPv6 traffic can be carried over IPv4 generic routing encapsulation (GRE) tunnels using the standard GRE tunneling technique that is designed to provide the services necessary to implement any standard point-to-point encapsulation scheme. Cisco IPsec Tunnel Mode Configuration In this lesson, I will show you how to configure two Cisco IOS routers to use IPSec in Tunnel mode. Last configuration change at 18:37:18 UTC Tue Feb 24 2015upgrade fpd autoversion 15.1service timestamps debug datetime msecservice timestamps log datetime msecno . 4. tunnel source {ip-address | interface-type interface-number}, Router(config-if)# tunnel mode ipv6ip auto-tunnel. 6 0 obj The use of IPv6 as a carrier protocol is described in RFC 2473, Generic Packet Tunneling in IPv6 Specification. 5 0 obj 2. show interfaces tunnel number [accounting]. A CTunnel lets you transport IP traffic over Connectionless Network Service (CLNS); for example, on the data communications channel (DCC) of a SONET ring. switching entity within the router. 2. show rbscp [all | state | statistics] [tunnel tunnel-number], Step2 show rbscp [all | state | statistics] [tunnel tunnel-number]. At each router, the tunnel interface must be configured with a Layer 3 address. For more details, see the interface command in the Cisco IOS Interface and Hardware Component Command Reference, Release 12.4. Configuring the PPPoE Client on a Cisco Secure PIX Firewall. destination, show ip If GRE did not have a protocol field, it would be impossible to distinguish whether the tunnel was carrying IS-IS or IPv6 packets. The prefix must embed the tunnel source IPv4 address. Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a high-performance packet forwarding technology that integrates the performance and traffic management capabilities of data-link-layer (Layer 2) switching with the scalability, flexibility, and performance of network-layer (Layer 3) routing. Implementing IPSec Network Security on and authentication service at the IP layer. Configuring an IPSec Tunnel Between a Cisco SA500 and the When For more details on other types of virtual interfaces, see the "Configuring Virtual Interfaces" module. The configuration of a spoke router is more simpler with just the usual IP address configuration, NHS specification and mapping and authentication parameters required. the following criteria: They must contain compatible crypto access lists. module of the Configuring the Phase 1 on the Cisco Router R2 R2#configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line. You define which packets are considered sensitive and should be sent through these secure tunnels, and you define the parameters that should be used to protect these packets by specifying characteristics of these tunnels. For additional information, refer to these documents: GRE over IPSEC (Optional) Displays information about an IP over CLNS tunnel.
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